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Effect of sodium fluoride on the morphologic changes of rat condylar cartilage

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Abstract

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It has been suggested that the condylar cartilage of the rat mandibular joint can be
considered a mirror that presents an accurate reflection of disturbances following
experimentation of a nutritional, hormonal or functional nature. The condyle of the rat
mandibular joint is composed of a cartilaginous zone covered by a thin layer of fibrous
tissue. The cartilaginous zone undergoes changes similar to those that occur in the
epiphyseal plate of the long bones as they undergo endochondral bone formation.
Normally in condylar bone formation the deposition of bone salts in the cartilaginous
matrix is preceded by changes in the condylar cartilage. The hypertrophic layer of cells
accumulate glycogen, alkaline phoshpatase and phosphorylase. As the hypertrophic cells
break down the surrounding cartilaginous matrix is mineralized. The effects of chronic
administration of fluoride on mineralizing tissues such as enamel, dentine and bone have
been studied extensively. In vitro study, fluoride decreases the solubility of bone mineral,
and fluoride pretreatment decreases the bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone.
On the other hand, Baylink et al reported increased resorptive activity in endosteal areas
of bone formed prior to initiation of fluoride therapy. Whether the increased resorption is
caused directly by fluoride or by secondary hyperparathyroidism is still unknown.
Apparently, the in vitro effects of sodium fluoride on cultured osteoblasts are
species-specific and related to dose and the developmental stage of the osteoblasts.
Sodium fluoride stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts derived from
embryonic mesenchyme in chicken. However the effect of fluoride on cartilage where it
is converted into bone have received little attention. In 1974, Kameyama reported the
histologic and histometric study of the effect of fluoride on the rat mandibular condyle.
He showed that the significant thickening of the condylar cartilage might be due to a
higher dose of fluoride. In 1988, Mizohata and Kameyama proposed a relationship
between fluoride dose and the degree of thickening of condylar cartilage. Harbrow et al
also studied the effect of chronic fluoride administration on rat condylar cartilage. He
reported that the thickening of condylar cartilage in high fluoride group was attributable
to an increase in number and size of cells of the lower hypertrophic zone. Our previous
study also observed a significant thickening of the hypertrophic layer in rats of high
fluoride group. As the results of all these studies, a dose-response relationship between
fluoride and degree of thickening of condylar cartilage in rats was proposed.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological change of
mandibular cartilage after administration of low dose (0 and 1ppm) and high dose (10
and 100ppm) of fluoride and was to further determine whether fluoride at high levels
would change or reverse the cartilage growth after growth spurt of rat.

Å°¿öµå

ºÒÈ­³ªÆ®·ý; ¹é¼­ÇϾǰüÀý ¿¬°ñ; ¹Ì¼¼ÇüÅÂ; Sodium fluoride; morphologic change; rat condylar cartilage;

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